模拟地表火行为对燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮的影响

燃烧剩余物是火烧迹地土壤表面必然存在的残留物,可以通过降水过程以及地表径流释放其所含有的矿物质和有机质至土壤生态系统,从而在一定时间内持续地对火后生态系统恢复过程造成影响。但不同火行为下,相同的可燃物所产生的燃烧剩余物可能具有不同的生态学功能,为了认知火行为对燃烧剩余物的影响,进一步了解二者对火烧迹地生态恢复过程中养分循环和能量流动的潜在影响,探究了火行为对燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮化学计量特征的影响。以红松人工林地表可燃物为实验材料,通过设置不同坡度和含水率为火行为的驱动因子,进行了森林可燃物床层地表上坡火和下坡火的室内模拟燃烧实验。用独立样本T检验、单因素方差分析、多因素方差分析探究了火环境对燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮和火行为的影响,用基于距离的冗余分析(db-RDA)探究了火行为对燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮化学计量特征的影响。上坡火实验组的燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮含量明显高于下坡火实验组(P<0.01);5°实验组中,燃烧剩余物的水溶性碳含量随着可燃物预设含水率的升高而升高(P<0.05)。进一步的数据分析发现火行为与燃烧剩余物水溶性碳氮化学计量特征关系密切,火焰宽度是影响燃烧剩余物水溶性...     

不同油松种源光合和荧光参数对水分胁迫的响应特征

采用盆栽控水试验方法,设置正常水分(T1,田间持水量的70％-80％)、轻度胁迫(T2,田间持水量的50％-60％)和严重胁迫(T3,田间持水量的30％-40％)3个水分梯度,对6个油松(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)种源(陕西洛南LN,陕西桥山 QO,山西灵空山LK,辽宁千山QN,河北雾灵山WL和山西芦芽山LY)的光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数进行比较,探讨种源间光合和水分利用特征的差异及其与气孔导度和荧光参数的关系.结果表明,3个水分梯度下6个种源的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、水分利用效率(WUE)、原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)和PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)差异均极显著(P＜0.01),在T1和T3下,各种源的实际光量子效率φPSⅡ和电子传递速率ETR差异显著(P＜0.05).在T2下,LK和WL的Pn达到最大,具有轻度胁迫下提高光合生产力的倾向.在T3下,QN种源的Pn和WUE较高(除LK的WUE最高外),而WL的Pn和WUE较低(除LK的Pn最低外);6个种源中QN的Pn、φPSⅡ和ETR最大,LY和QO的光合生产力仅次于QN,而LN、LK和WL的Pn、Gs、φPSⅡ和ETR比较低,其光合生产力及光量子产量受干旱胁迫影响较大.LK的WUE在各个水分梯度下均显著高于其它种源(P＜0.05).在T3下,各种源通过降低Tr提高WUE.在T1下,气孔限制是影响油松Pn的主要因素;在T2和T3下,Pn和WUE均与气孔导度、PSⅡ反应中心的光量子产量和电子传递速率密切相关.     

Fire,landscape change and models of small mammal habitat suitability at multiple spatial scales

Fire is an important process in many ecosystems, but inappropriate fire regimes can adversely affect biodiversity. We identified a naturally flammable heathy woodland ecosystem where the use of planned fire had increased the extent of older vegetation, and quantified the abundance of two small native mammals in this landscape (silky mouse Pseudomys apodemoides and heath rat P. shortridgei). We defined four time‐since‐fire (TSF) categories representing a 2‐ to 55‐year post‐fire sequence and, on the basis of a habitat accommodation model, predicted that both species would select younger age‐classes over older ones. We also predicted that (i) much of the variance in vegetation structure would remain unexplained by TSF and (ii) statistical models of mammal abundance and occupancy including structural variables as predictors would be better than models including TSF. Pseudomys apodemoides selected 17‐ to 23‐year‐old sites, while there was no evidence that P. shortridgei selected a particular TSF category, findings that were inconsistent with our predictions. In line with our predictions, relatively large portions of the variance in vegetation structure remained unexplained by TSF (adjustedr² for four structural variables: 0.24, 0.29, 0.35 and 0.57), and in three of four cases there was strong evidence that statistical models of mammal abundance and occupancy including structural variables were better than those including TSF. At the site scale (hectares), P. shortridgei abundance was positively related to the cover of dead material at the base of Xanthorrhoea plants and at the trap scale (metres), the trapability of both species was significantly related to vegetation volume at 0–20 cm. Our findings suggest that TSF may not be a good proxy for either vegetation structure or species abundance/occupancy.